{"id":70564,"date":"2023-01-12T21:17:33","date_gmt":"2023-01-12T20:17:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.hellotax.com\/blog\/?p=70564"},"modified":"2025-07-31T13:03:33","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T11:03:33","slug":"vat-rates-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/vat-rates-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"VAT rates in Europe 2026: Definition, Actual Value-Added-Tax Rates"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-74629\" src=\"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/VAT-Rates-in-Europe-2025-1-300x150.png\" alt=\"VAT rates in Europe\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/VAT-Rates-in-Europe-2025-1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/VAT-Rates-in-Europe-2025-1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/VAT-Rates-in-Europe-2025-1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/VAT-Rates-in-Europe-2025-1.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">VAT ensures the proper handling of taxes when selling in Europe. All goods and services sold in the EU are subject to this consumption tax. Only VAT-compliant sellers are allowed to sell in Europe, so meeting all the regulations is crucial to building a successful e-commerce business. This article will discuss the most important topics related to VAT rates in the EU.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 id=\"h-what-is-the-vat-rate\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">What is the VAT rate?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">All goods and services in the EU are assessed with the VAT, a pan-European consumption tax. There are different guidelines and VAT rates for different product categories and business fields in every member state of the European Union.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">EU law allows two reduced rates, with the lowest being 5% or higher. Prior to their EU membership, some countries had a third, reduced VAT rate in place. Through European VAT Directives, the EU sets the broad VAT rules, and 15% is the minimum standard VAT rate.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Overview of the VAT Rates in Europe 2025<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Our list includes all European countries, their VAT rates, and the categories of products they apply to. We&#8217;re sure that you&#8217;ll find the rates you need<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"150\" data-end=\"224\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"32\">20%<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"226\" data-end=\"300\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"393\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"393\"><strong data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"311\">13%<\/strong> for: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">domestic flights, admission to sporting and cultural events, amusement parks, firewood, certain agricultural supplies, wine production (from farms), and cut flowers and plants for decorative use<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"395\" data-end=\"488\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"488\"><strong data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"404\">10%<\/strong> for: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">foodstuffs, takeaway food, water supplies, pharmaceutical products, domestic passenger transport (excluding flights), international and intra-community road and rail transport, books (including e-books), newspapers and periodicals, pay and cable TV, TV licenses, social services, domestic refuse collection, treatment of waste and wastewater, restaurant services (excluding all beverages), cut flowers and plants for food production, certain agricultural supplies, and services by writers and composers<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"568\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong data-start=\"4\" data-end=\"19\">0% VAT rate<\/strong> applies to <\/span><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">intra-community and international transport (excluding road and rail), and hotel accommodation<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"657\" data-end=\"743\"><em data-start=\"657\" data-end=\"704\">Note: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] bg-[#FCECC1] dark:bg-[#64572A] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">VAT rates may vary in specific regions such as Jungholz and Mittelberg, where a 19% standard rate applies.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-belgium\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/vat-registration-in-belgium\/\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Belgium<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"150\" data-end=\"224\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"32\">21%<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"226\" data-end=\"300\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"393\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"393\"><strong data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"311\">12%<\/strong> for: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">restaurant and catering services (excluding beverages), certain social housing, and specific construction work on new buildings<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"395\" data-end=\"487\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"487\"><strong data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"403\">6%<\/strong> for: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">basic foodstuffs (including takeaway food), water supplies, certain pharmaceutical products, medical equipment for people with disabilities, domestic passenger transport, books (including e-books), newspapers and periodicals, admission to cultural events and amusement parks, writers and composers, certain renovation and repair of private dwellings, hotel accommodation, admission to sports events, use of sports facilities, minor repairs of bicycles, shoes and leather goods, clothing and household linen, and hairdressing.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"567\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong data-start=\"4\" data-end=\"10\">0%<\/strong> VAT rate applies to: <\/span><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">intra-community and international passenger transport by air and sea, certain daily and weekly newspapers, and specific recycled materials and by-products<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"742\"><em data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"703\">Note: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">VAT rates may vary in specific regions or under certain conditions.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-bulgaria\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bulgaria<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"152\" data-end=\"226\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"32\">20%<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"228\" data-end=\"302\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">The reduced VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"24\" data-end=\"30\">9%<\/strong> for: h<\/span><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">otel accommodation services, b<\/span><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">ooks and periodicals, both physical and electronic (excluding publications primarily intended for advertising or consisting mainly of video or audio content), b<\/span><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">aby foodstuffs and hygiene products<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"468\" data-end=\"586\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><em data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"233\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Note: Temporary reduced VAT rates for restaurant and catering services, sports facilities, and tourist services were in effect until the end of 2024. From <strong data-start=\"156\" data-end=\"174\">1 January 2025<\/strong>, these services are subject to the standard 20% VAT rate<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li data-start=\"588\" data-end=\"666\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong data-start=\"4\" data-end=\"19\">0% VAT rate<\/strong> applies to:<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"668\" data-end=\"709\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"709\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">Intra-community and international passenger transport by air and sea<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"710\" data-end=\"751\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"712\" data-end=\"751\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">Exports of goods to non-EU countries<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"752\" data-end=\"832\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"754\" data-end=\"832\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">Supplies of goods and services related to international transport, such as fueling and provisioning of vessels and aircraft<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #25212a; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 28px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: -0.2px;\">Croatia<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"140\" data-end=\"173\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"165\" data-end=\"172\">25%<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"175\" data-end=\"201\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"203\" data-end=\"452\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"205\" data-end=\"452\"><strong data-start=\"205\" data-end=\"212\">13%<\/strong> for foodstuffs, takeaway food, water supplies, certain pharmaceutical products, hotel accommodation, restaurant services (excluding beverages), newspapers and magazines, cultural and sports event tickets, and certain agricultural supplies<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"626\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"626\"><strong data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"462\">5%<\/strong> for bread, milk, books (including e-books), certain medical equipment for people with disabilities, certain food products, and certain daily and weekly newspapers<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"659\"><strong data-start=\"632\" data-end=\"647\">0% VAT rate<\/strong> applies to intra-community and international passenger transport by air and sea<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-cyprus\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cyprus<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"flex basis-auto flex-col -mb-(--composer-overlap-px) [--composer-overlap-px:24px] grow overflow-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"relative h-full\">\r\n<div class=\"flex h-full flex-col overflow-y-auto [scrollbar-gutter:stable_both-edges] @[84rem]\/thread:pt-(--header-height)\">\r\n<div class=\"@thread-xl\/thread:pt-header-height mt-1.5 flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\">\r\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-64\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\">\r\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @[37rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @[72rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\r\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:32rem] @[34rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @[64rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto flex max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden\" tabindex=\"-1\">\r\n<div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\r\n<div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\">\r\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\r\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"e17d77fc-d1bb-4281-bf63-6c1edbfccf1d\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\r\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\r\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"148\" data-end=\"222\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"32\">19%<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"224\" data-end=\"298\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"300\" data-end=\"390\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"390\"><strong data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"308\">9%<\/strong> for: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">hotel accommodation, restaurant and catering services, cafes, and certain domestic passenger transport services<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"484\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"484\"><strong data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"400\">5%<\/strong> for: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">certain foodstuffs, non-alcoholic beverages, water supplies, pharmaceutical products, medical equipment for people with disabilities, children&#8217;s car seats, books (excluding e-books), newspapers and periodicals, admission to cultural events and amusement parks, writers and composers, renovation and repair of private dwellings, some agricultural supplies, admission to sports events, use of sporting facilities, domestic waste collection, hairdressing, some undertaker and cremation services, LPG (in cylinders), takeaway food (excluding soft drinks and alcoholic beverages), social housing, cut flowers for food production, waste and wastewater treatment, works of art, collectors&#8217; items, and antiques<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"578\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"578\"><strong data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"494\">3%<\/strong> for: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">newspapers, books, and magazines; medical equipment for disabled people; tickets for certain cultural services such as theatrical, musical, and dance performances<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"659\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong data-start=\"4\" data-end=\"19\">0% VAT rate<\/strong> applies to <\/span><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">intra-community and international transport, goods purchased on international flights, and exports of goods outside the EU<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"869\"><em data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"830\">Note: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">A temporary zero VAT rate on certain essential goods, including bread, milk, eggs, baby food, diapers, feminine hygiene products, fresh fruits, and vegetables, is in effect until <strong data-start=\"179\" data-end=\"199\">31 December 2025<\/strong>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"thread-bottom-container\" class=\"isolate z-3 w-full basis-auto has-data-has-thread-error:pt-2 has-data-has-thread-error:[box-shadow:var(--sharp-edge-bottom-shadow)] md:border-transparent md:pt-0 dark:border-white\/20 md:dark:border-transparent flex flex-col\">\r\n<div id=\"thread-bottom\">\r\n<div class=\"text-base mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @[37rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @[72rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\r\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:32rem] @[34rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @[64rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto flex max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6\">\r\n<div class=\"max-xs:[--force-hide-label:none] relative z-1 flex h-full max-w-full flex-1 flex-col\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"radix-\u00abr2bp\u00bb\" data-state=\"closed\"><form class=\"w-full [view-transition-name:var(--vt-composer)]\" data-type=\"unified-composer\">\r\n<div class=\"flex w-full cursor-text flex-col items-center justify-center rounded-[28px] bg-clip-padding contain-inline-size overflow-clip shadow-short bg-token-bg-primary dark:bg-[#303030]\">\r\n<div class=\"relative flex w-full items-end px-3 py-3\">\r\n<div class=\"relative flex w-full flex-auto flex-col\">\r\n<div class=\"justify-content-end relative ms-2 flex w-full flex-auto flex-col\">\r\n<div class=\"flex-auto\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/form><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-czech-republic\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/vat-registration-in-czech-republic\/\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Czech Republic<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 21%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">15% for foodstuffs, non-alcoholic beverages, take away food, medical equipment for people with disabilities, children&#8217;s car seats, some domestic passenger transport, some books (excluding e-books), admission to cultural events, shows and amusement parks, writers and composers, social housing, renovation and repair of private dwellings, cleaning of private households, some agricultural supplies, hotel accommodation, admission to sporting events, use of sporting facilities, social services, supplies to undertaker and cremation services, medical and dental care, domestic care services, firewood, some pharmaceuticals, some domestic waste collection and street cleaning, water supplies treatment of waste and waste water, food provided in restaurants and cafe cut flowers and plants for decorative use and food production<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">10% for newspapers and periodicals, some pharmaceutical products, some printed books<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for intra-community and international transport<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-denmark\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Denmark<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 25%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rate is 0% for newspapers and journals, intra-community and international transport<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-estonia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Estonia<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"783\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"746\" data-end=\"753\">24%<\/strong> (effective from 1 July 2025).<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"811\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/p>\r\n<ul data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"1143\">\r\n<li data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"887\">\r\n<p data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"887\"><strong data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"822\">13%<\/strong> for accommodation services (increased from 9% in January 2025)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"888\" data-end=\"1041\">\r\n<p data-start=\"890\" data-end=\"1041\"><strong data-start=\"890\" data-end=\"896\">9%<\/strong> for books (excluding e-books), newspapers and periodicals, certain pharmaceutical products, and medical equipment for people with disabilities<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1143\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1044\" data-end=\"1143\"><strong data-start=\"1044\" data-end=\"1050\">0%<\/strong> VAT rate applies to some passenger transport and intra-community and international transport<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1313\"><strong data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1154\">Note:<\/strong> Estonia raised its standard VAT rate from 22% to 24% mid-2025. Earlier in January 2025, press publications increased from 5% to 9%, and hotel VAT rose to 13%.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-finland\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Finland<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2415\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"2364\" data-end=\"2373\">25.5%<\/strong> (increased from 24% on 1 September 2024).<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2417\" data-end=\"2443\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2445\" data-end=\"2615\"><strong data-start=\"2445\" data-end=\"2452\">14%<\/strong> for: foodstuffs, some agricultural supplies, restaurant services (excluding alcoholic beverages), some soft drinks, takeaway food, and plants for food production.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2617\" data-end=\"2948\"><strong data-start=\"2617\" data-end=\"2624\">10%<\/strong> for: pharmaceutical products, domestic passenger transport, books (excluding e-books), newspapers and periodicals (sold by subscription), admission to cultural events and amusement parks, writers and composers, hotel accommodation, admission to sports events, use of sports facilities, and some domestic transport services.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2950\" data-end=\"3103\"><strong data-start=\"2950\" data-end=\"2956\">0%<\/strong> VAT rate applies to: printing services for non-profit publications, intra-community and international transport, and certain gold ingots or coins.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"3105\" data-end=\"3281\"><strong data-start=\"3105\" data-end=\"3114\">Note:<\/strong> The standard VAT rate was increased from 24% to 25.5% on 1 September 2024. Many goods and services previously taxed at 10% were also reclassified to the 14% category.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-france\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">France<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"148\" data-end=\"222\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"32\">20%<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"224\" data-end=\"298\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"300\" data-end=\"391\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"391\"><strong data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"309\">10%<\/strong> for: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">certain foodstuffs, non-alcoholic beverages, domestic passenger transport, hotel accommodation, restaurants (excluding alcoholic beverages), takeaway food, bars, caf\u00e9s, nightclubs, admission to amusement parks, pay\/cable TV, some renovation and repair of private dwellings, certain cleaning of private households, some agricultural supplies, and firewood<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"393\" data-end=\"487\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"395\" data-end=\"487\"><strong data-start=\"395\" data-end=\"403\">5.5%<\/strong> for: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">most food products, water supplies, books (including e-books), newspapers and periodicals, admission to cultural events, writers and composers, certain pharmaceutical products, medical equipment for people with disabilities, and admission to sporting events<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"583\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"583\"><strong data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"499\">2.1%<\/strong> for: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">prescription drugs reimbursed by social security, certain press publications, and TV licenses<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"585\" data-end=\"664\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong data-start=\"4\" data-end=\"10\">0%<\/strong> VAT rate applies to:<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"666\" data-end=\"746\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"668\" data-end=\"746\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">medical and dental care services<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"748\" data-end=\"834\"><em data-start=\"748\" data-end=\"795\">Note: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] bg-[#FCECC1] dark:bg-[#64572A] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">VAT rates may vary in French overseas territories.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-germany\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Germany<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"207\" data-end=\"290\">The standard VAT rate in Germany is <strong data-start=\"243\" data-end=\"250\">19%<\/strong> and applies to most goods and services.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li data-start=\"292\" data-end=\"480\">7% is the reduced VAT rate and applies to essential goods like food, books, newspapers, and some cultural products. For takeaway and delivery food, the reduced rate of 7% also applies. However, <strong style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2px;\" data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"531\">food consumed on-site in restaurants<\/strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2px;\"> is taxed at the standard 19% VAT rate since January 1, 2024, following the end of temporary COVID-19 measures. <\/span>Most beverages are taxed at the standard rate of 19%, except for cow\u2019s milk and dairy-based drinks like latte macchiato, which are taxed at 7%. Drinks made from plant-based milk, such as oat milk, are taxed at the standard 19% rate.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-greece\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Greece<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 24%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">13% for some foodstuffs, certain take away food, plants for food production, some non-alcoholic beverages, water supplies, some pharmaceutical products, some medical equipment for people with disabilities, some agricultural supplies, domestic care services, hotel accommodation, certain social services<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">6% for some pharmaceutical products, some books (no e-books), some newspapers and periodicals<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for intra-community and international air and sea transport<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-hungary\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hungary<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 27%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">18% for certain foods, some take away food, hotel accommodation<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5% for certain foodstuffs, pharmaceutical products (for humans), some medical equipment for people with disabilities, books (excluding e-books), newspapers and periodicals, some social housing, district heating, some supplies of new building, restaurant and catering services internet access services, certain writers and composers services<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for intra-community and international transport\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-ireland\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ireland<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 23%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">13.5% for certain foodstuffs, some pharmaceutical products, children&#8217;s car seats, social housing, renovation and repair of private dwellings, cleaning in private households, some agricultural supplies, medical and dental care, collection of domestic waste, treatment of waste and waste water, minor repairs of bicycles, shoes and leather goods and household linen, construction work on new buildings, supply of immovable property, some social housing, routine cleaning of immovable property health studio services, certain tourist services, services photography<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">9% for certain foodstuffs, take away food, some bars and cafes, newspapers and periodicals, admission to cultural events and amusement parks, hotel accommodation, restaurants (excluding all beverages), use of sports facilities, hairdressing<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4.8% for livestock intended for use in the preparation of foodstuffs, some agricultural supplies<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for some foodstuffs, certain pet food, some medicine, certain feminine hygiene products, some medical equipment, clothing and footwear for children, intra-community and international transport, plants for food production<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-italy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Italy<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 22%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">10% for some foodstuffs, water supplies, some pharmaceutical products, domestic passenger transport, admission to cultural events, some social housing, renovation and repair of private dwellings, some supplies and construction work for new buildings, some agricultural supplies, hotel accommodation, restaurants, admission to certain sports events, energy products (excluding district heating), firewood, collection of domestic waste, some waste water treatment, alcoholic beverages in bars and caf\u00e9s, take-away food, cut flowers and plants for decorative use and food production<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5% for some foodstuffs, some social services<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4% for some food products, certain medical equipment for people with disabilities, books, newspapers and some periodicals, e-books with an ISBN, online journals, some social housing, some agricultural supplies, certain social services, some supplies for new buildings<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for intra-community and international transport<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-latvia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Latvia<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 21%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">12% for food products for infants, pharmaceutical products, medical products for people with disabilities, domestic passenger transport, books (no e-books), newspaper and periodicals, hotel accommodation<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5% for a range of locally produced vegetables and fruit<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for intra-community and international transport\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-lithuania\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Lithuania<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 21%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">9% for some domestic passenger transport, books (no e-books), newspapers and periodicals, hotel accommodation, district heating<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5% for pharmaceutical products, medical equipment for people with disabilities<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for intra-community and international transport<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-luxembourg\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Luxembourg<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 17%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">14% for certain wines, solid mineral fuels, mineral oils and wood intended for use as fuel with the exception of wood for heating, washing and cleaning products, administration of credit and credit guarantees by a person or organization other than that granting the credit<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">8% for cleaning in private households, minor repairs of bicycles, shoes and leather goods, clothing and household linen, hairdressing, district heating, natural gas, electricity, firewood<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3% for foodstuffs, soft drinks, children&#8217;s clothing and footwear, water supplies, certain pharmaceutical products, certain medical equipment for people with disabilities, domestic passenger transport, certain books (no e-books), certain newspapers and periodicals, admission to cultural events and amusement parks, some pay TV\/cable TV, agricultural supplies (no pesticides), hotel accommodation, restaurants (no alcoholic beverages), take away food, bars, cafes and nightclubs, cut flowers and plants for food production, supplies for of new buildings, some construction work on new buildings, admission to sports events, use of sports facilities, undertaker and cremation services, collection of domestic waste, treatment of waste and waste water<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for intra-community and international transport\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-malta\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Malta<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 18%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">7% for hotel accommodation, use of sporting facilities<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5% for medical equipment for people with disabilities, books (except for e-books), newspapers and periodicals, admission to some cultural events, minor repairs of shoes and leather goods, bicycles, clothing, and household linens, domestic care services, supply of electricity<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for some supplies of food for human consumption (no some processed and pre-cooked foods), prescribed medicines, gold ingots\/bars, seeds for food production, live animals for human consumption, intra-community and international transport<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-netherlands\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Netherlands<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"138\" data-end=\"189\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"181\" data-end=\"188\">21%<\/strong>.<br \/>From <strong data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"980\">1 January 2026<\/strong>, the reduced VAT rate for hotel accommodation (including holiday homes, B&amp;Bs, and guesthouses) will increase to 21%.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li data-start=\"191\" data-end=\"955\">The reduced VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"215\" data-end=\"221\">9%<\/strong> for:<br data-start=\"226\" data-end=\"229\" \/>foodstuffs (not for animal consumption), some soft drinks, water supplies, certain pharmaceutical products, certain medical equipment for people with disabilities, domestic passenger transport (no air travel), intra-community and international transport, books (including e-books), newspapers and periodicals, admission to cultural events and amusement parks, writers and composers, certain renovation and repair of private dwellings, certain cleaning of private households, hotel accommodation, restaurants (no alcoholic beverages), takeaway food, bars, cafes and nightclubs, admission to sports events, use of sports facilities, minor repairs of bicycles, shoes and leather goods, clothing and household linen, hairdressing.<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1226\"><strong data-start=\"1103\" data-end=\"1118\">0% VAT rate<\/strong> applies to:<br data-start=\"1130\" data-end=\"1133\" \/>taxation of gold coins, intra-community and international passenger transport by air and sea.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #25212a; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 28px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: -0.2px;\">Poland<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1371\" data-end=\"1404\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"1396\" data-end=\"1403\">23%<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1432\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1653\"><strong data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1440\">8%<\/strong> for: certain foodstuffs, passenger transport services, hotel accommodation, restaurant and catering services (excluding alcoholic beverages), newspapers, some pharmaceutical products, and certain medical devices.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1655\" data-end=\"1879\"><strong data-start=\"1655\" data-end=\"1661\">5%<\/strong> for: basic food items (e.g. meat, dairy products), books (including e-books), children\u2019s picture, drawing, and colouring books, maps and similar publications, and certain hygiene products including menstrual products.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1881\" data-end=\"2076\"><strong data-start=\"1881\" data-end=\"1887\">0%<\/strong> VAT rate applies to: exports of goods to non-EU countries, intra-community and international passenger transport by air and sea, and the supply of rescue vessels and lifeboats used at sea.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2078\" data-end=\"2314\"><strong data-start=\"2078\" data-end=\"2087\">Note:<\/strong> As of 1 January 2025, the standard VAT rate of 23% applies to live equines and smokable or inhalable hemp products (excluding those used solely for medical purposes). The VAT rate for menstrual cups was reduced from 23% to 5%.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-portugal\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Portugal<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 23%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">13% for some foodstuffs, admission to certain cultural events, restaurant &amp; cafe food, some agricultural supplies, wine, mineral water, diesel for agriculture<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">6% for some foodstuffs, water supplies, certain pharmaceutical products, medical equipment for people with disabilities, children&#8217;s car seats, children&#8217;s diapers, domestic passenger transport, some books (no e-books), certain newspapers and periodicals, TV license, social housing, renovation and repair of private dwellings, certain agricultural supplies, hotel accommodation, some social services, some medical and dental care, collection of domestic waste, minor repairs of bicycles, domestic care services, firewood, cut flowers and plants for decorative use and food production, construction work on new buildings, some legal services<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for intra-community and international passenger transport<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-romania\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Romania<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 19% (with changes proposed for August 2025).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">9% for foodstuffs, pharmaceutical products, medical equipment for people with disabilities, hotel accommodation, water supplies, restaurants and catering services (including supply of food in bars, cafes and nightclubs), some beer, soft drinks, cut flowers and plants for food production, some agricultural supplies<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5% for social housing, books (no e-books), newspapers and periodicals, admission to cultural events, admission to sporting events<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for intra-community and international passenger transport<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"3234\" data-end=\"3389\"><strong data-start=\"3234\" data-end=\"3243\">Note:<\/strong> A VAT reform proposed for August 2025 would raise the standard rate from 19% to 21% and merge the 9% and 5% reduced rates into a single 11% rate.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-slovakia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Slovakia<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"202\" data-end=\"235\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"227\" data-end=\"234\">23%<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"263\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/p>\r\n<ul data-start=\"265\" data-end=\"532\">\r\n<li data-start=\"265\" data-end=\"367\">\r\n<p data-start=\"267\" data-end=\"367\"><strong data-start=\"267\" data-end=\"274\">19%<\/strong> for some foodstuffs, pharmaceutical products, medical equipment, books (excluding e-books)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"368\" data-end=\"449\">\r\n<p data-start=\"370\" data-end=\"449\"><strong data-start=\"370\" data-end=\"376\">5%<\/strong> for basic necessities, including selected baby products and newspapers<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"532\">\r\n<p data-start=\"452\" data-end=\"532\"><strong data-start=\"452\" data-end=\"458\">0%<\/strong> VAT rate applies to intra-community and international passenger transport<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"534\" data-end=\"696\"><strong data-start=\"534\" data-end=\"543\">Note:<\/strong> As of 1 January 2025, the standard VAT rate increased from 20% to 23%, and the reduced rate from 10% to 19%. The super-reduced 5% rate remains in place.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-slovenia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Slovenia<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 22%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">9.5% for some foodstuffs, pharmaceutical products, medical equipment for people with disabilities, domestic passenger transport, books (no e-books), newspapers and periodicals, cultural event, writers and composers, social housing, treatment of waste and waste water, use of sports facilities, undertaker and cremation services, agricultural supplies, hotel accommodation, admission to sports events, minor repairs of bicycles, clothes and household linen, certain supplies of new buildings, certain construction work for new buildings, shoes and leather goods, hairdressing, soft drinks, take away food, cut flowers and plants (decoration)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for intra-community and international passenger transport<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-spain\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Spain<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"206\" data-end=\"239\">The standard VAT rate is <strong data-start=\"231\" data-end=\"238\">21%<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"241\" data-end=\"267\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"269\" data-end=\"756\"><strong data-start=\"269\" data-end=\"276\">10%<\/strong> for: pasta, seed oils, certain foodstuffs (excluding those taxed at 4%), pharmaceutical products, intra-community and international transport, some social housing, renovation and repair of private dwellings, agricultural supplies, some social services, domestic passenger transport, takeaway food, wastewater treatment, admission to sporting events, bars, caf\u00e9s, nightclubs and alcoholic beverages sold therein, medical equipment for people with disabilities, and cinema tickets.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"758\" data-end=\"1020\"><strong data-start=\"758\" data-end=\"764\">4%<\/strong> for: essential foodstuffs such as bread, milk, eggs, fruits, vegetables, flour, and olive oil; some pharmaceutical products; certain newspapers and periodicals; some medical equipment for people with disabilities; social housing; and some social services.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1022\" data-end=\"1159\"><strong data-start=\"1022\" data-end=\"1028\">0%<\/strong> VAT rate applies to: intra-community and international passenger transport by air and sea, and the taxation of certain gold coins.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1347\"><strong data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1170\">Note:<\/strong> Temporary VAT cuts on essential foods ended on 31 December 2024. From 1 January 2025, the reduced rates were reinstated: 4% for most essentials and 10% for seed oils and pasta.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1347\"><div class=\"cta-shortcode cta-shortcode-normal \"><div class=\"cta-image\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Samer.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"cta-content\"><h3 class=\"font600\">Book a free consultation<\/h3><p>Our VAT experts are happy to help you. Book a free consultation today!<\/p>\n<div class=\"button-container\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/contact-us?button=blog\" class=\"button button-secondary uppercase\">Free consultation<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 id=\"h-sweden\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sweden<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The standard VAT rate is 25%<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The reduced VAT rates are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">12% for some foodstuffs, non-alcoholic beverages, take-away food, clothing and household linen, hotel accommodation, restaurants, shoes and leather<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">6% for domestic passenger transport, books and newspapers, writers and composers, use of sport facilities<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0% for medicines, printing and other services related to the production of magazines for non-profit organizations, intra-community and international passenger transport<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\" \/>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"149\" data-end=\"475\"><strong data-start=\"149\" data-end=\"207\">Need help navigating changing VAT rates across Europe?<\/strong><br data-start=\"207\" data-end=\"210\" \/>At <a href=\"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/\"><strong data-start=\"213\" data-end=\"225\">hellotax<\/strong><\/a>, we help online sellers stay compliant with local VAT rules\u2014no matter how often they change. Whether you&#8217;re selling on Amazon, your own webshop, or other marketplaces, our tools and expert support make VAT registration, filing, and reporting easy.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"477\" data-end=\"744\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong data-start=\"480\" data-end=\"522\">Want to stay ahead of the next update?<\/strong><br data-start=\"522\" data-end=\"525\" \/>Check out our latest guide on <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/common-vat-mistakes-eu\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"555\" data-end=\"650\"><strong data-start=\"556\" data-end=\"598\">Common VAT Mistakes to Avoid in the EU<\/strong><\/a>\u2014and learn how to keep your business compliant and stress-free across all your sales channels.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"746\" data-end=\"888\">\ud83d\udc49 <a class=\"cursor-pointer\" href=\"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/contact-us?button=blog\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"749\" data-end=\"794\">Get in touch<\/a> or book a free consultation to see how we can support your VAT strategy in 2025 and beyond.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-499968f5 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/contact-us?button=blog\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Contact us<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>VAT ensures the proper handling of taxes when selling in Europe. All goods and services sold in the EU are subject to this consumption tax. Only VAT-compliant sellers are allowed to sell in Europe, so meeting all the regulations is crucial to building a successful e-commerce business. This article will discuss the most important topics [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":70566,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5584],"tags":[6455,6457,5766,6453,5970,6451],"class_list":{"0":"post-70564","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-vat-registration","8":"tag-country-vat-comparison","9":"tag-e-commerce-vat-guide","10":"tag-eu-vat-compliance","11":"tag-updated-vat-rates","12":"tag-vat-changes-2025","13":"tag-vat-rates-europe-2025","14":"entry"},"acf":[],"modified_by":"Brenda Varela","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70564"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70564\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hellotax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}